Abstract
The current study is focused on the influence of hyperglycemia on weight loss in obese premenopausal women. Specifically, the study evaluated the impact of a six-month individualized low-calorie diet combined with moderate exercise on weight reduction and glucose metabolism in obese women with normoglycemia compared to obese women with moderate hyperglycemia. The results indicated that patients with normoglycemia achieved a successful weight loss, which was connected to a decrease in adipose tissue and reflected by diminished content of visceral fat area (VFA) and percent body fat. In contrast, weight reduction in patients with hyperglycemia was connected not only to the loss of VFA but also to undesired decrease in skeletal muscle mass as well as intracellular and total body water. These unfavorable outcomes were observed despite normalization of glucose metabolism reflected by statistically significant lowering glucose, fructosamine, advanced glycation end-products, and HOMA-IR levels. Overall, the obtained results indicate the importance of the measurement of the carbohydrate profile in obese women and the need for an early introduction of weight reduction strategies before the development of hyperglycemia.
Highlights
The prevalence of overweightness and obesity is increasing rapidly, especially in developing countries, and affects approximately 650 million people worldwide [1]
This was due to the following reasons: (a) the majority of originally preselected patients appeared to be taking medications affecting carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; they met our exclusion criteria; (b) we experienced patient drop-out of the study; (c) despite declaration, some patients did not undertake a prescribed diet and/or physical activity regimen
Significant decreases in waist circumference (WC) by ~12% (p = 0.016), arm circumference (AC) by ~15%, arm muscle circumference (AMC) by ~9%, visceral fat area (VFA)
Summary
Background: The prevalence of overweightness and obesity is increasing rapidly, especially in developing countries, and affects approximately 650 million people worldwide [1]. In Poland, approximately 61% of men and 50% of women are overweight or obese [2]. There is an high rate of increase in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) worldwide. The World Health Organization Global Report on diabetes indicates that the number of adults living with T2D has almost quadrupled to 422 million people since.
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