Loss of Reproductive Competence at an Earlier Age in Female Rats Exposed Prenatally to Ethanol

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that prenatal ethanol exposure can partially masculinize or defeminize neurobehavioral development of female rats. An early age of onset of anovulation is one of the primary characteristics of partial defeminization. Consequently, we examined the occurrence of anovulation in fetal alcohol-exposed (FAE) female rats at 2, 6, and 12 months of age using both vaginal cytology as well as wheel-running behavior. We assessed the ability of estrogen and progesterone to elicit proprioceptive behaviors and lordosis at 2 and 17 months of age. Female subjects were derived from Sprague-Dawley dams administered an ethanol liquid diet (35% ethanol-derived calories), a pair-fed isocaloric liquid diet, or fed lab chow from days 14 to 22 of gestation. Litter representatives were placed in a computer-monitored wheel-running apparatus under a 12-hr lighting schedule from 49 to 60 days of age. Vaginal smears were taken from littermates during this same period. This same procedure was conducted again from 180 to 196 and from 380 to 396 days of age, except that vaginal cytology was examined in the same animals immediately after wheel-running behavior was studied. At approximately 2 months of age, a normal cyclical pattern of wheel-running, characteristic of 4- to 5-day estrus cycles, was observed in all animals. No differences were detected in mean activity levels during the wheel-running period. This was accompanied by normal cyclic vaginal cytology and normal proprioceptive behaviors and lordosis. At 6 months of age, FAE females exhibited significantly reduced wheel-running.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)