Abstract
Current air monitoring networks consist of many measuring stations equipped with sampling systems for the measurement of PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter. To measure the quantity of particulate matter, the sample air flow is fed to the measuring device through a sampling system. In Baden Württemberg, but also across a wide area in Germany, these sampling systems consist of a Sigma-2-Sampling Head (manufacturer Palas GmbH) and an Intelligent Aerosol Drying System (IADS, manufacturer Palas GmbH). To investigate the suitability of these two common components for sampling of ultrafine particles (< 100 nm), the particle loss inside a sampling system consisting of a Sigma-2-Sampling Head, an IADS, and an additional nafion-dryer (MD-700-24S-1, manufacturer Perma Pure LLC) is measured in this study. A low sampling flow rate of only 0.9 l/min was employed to reduce energy consumption, complexity, and the cost of additional instrumentation. This sample flow rate is typical for scanning mobility particle sizers which are commonly used to measure ultrafine particles. The investigations show a 37% loss of spherical 10 nm copper particles in the used sampling system, which is higher than the allowed losses specified in DIN CEN/TS 16976 for 7 nm particles. The root cause of these losses was investigated and correlations were derived to describe the particle penetration in the sampling system.
Highlights
1.1 Environmental Particle SamplingAir monitoring networks measure the mass concentration of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) around the world to evaluate air quality
This study investigates a different approach for environmental monitoring of ultrafine particles, in which components of common particulate matter sampling systems are used at a low flow rate and energy consumption
The penetration through the sampling head is calculated from these data and compared to the penetration measured through the sampling head alone to verify the method of calculating penetrations by using Eq (21)
Summary
Air monitoring networks measure the mass concentration of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) around the world to evaluate air quality. The mass concentration is determined gravimetrically or with an optical particle counter under consideration of typical aerosol properties. Most environmental aerosol particles are smaller than 100 nm. Aerosol Science and Engineering (2020) 4:50–63 (a). (b) sampling head the measurement device minimizes diffusion losses (DIN CEN/TS 16976 2016). This study investigates a different approach for environmental monitoring of ultrafine particles, in which components of common particulate matter sampling systems are used at a low flow rate and energy consumption.
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