Abstract
Most of telecommunication traffic (voice and data)around the globe is carried over the optical fiber cable. Theinternational traffic through various countries is carried overoptical fiber cables laid under the sea. Similarly the long-haultraffic within the country is through optical fiber laidunderground. Stress, strain, humidity, temperature, bending atacute angles affects the propagation of light energy in the opticalfiber cable. All such factors increase the optical loss andattenuate the signal. The attenuation, especially in the long-haulcommunication increases the bit error rate and degrades thequality of service. In this paper, different optical losses areanalyzed by setting up several experiments at a single modeoptical fiber spool of 4 km. The optical fiber segment wassubjected to various stress, temperatures and acute bendingconditions. The resulting losses and degradation of the signal wasmeasured using OTDR and Power meter.
Highlights
Optical fibers are strands of glassy materials or polymeric available in the form of cables, they are flexible, immune to electrical noise as well as the most extreme weather conditions, and not very sensitive to temperature variations
In many buildings the optical fiber is raised to higher floors for connectivity whereas in urban areas, the optical fiber cable is laid under the roads which results in heavy stresses due to traffic over the roads
The smaller size of pits in urban areas, forces the cable laying staff to roll the cable in acute angles/curve, resulting in spreading losses [3]
Summary
Optical fibers are strands of glassy materials or polymeric available in the form of cables, they are flexible, immune to electrical noise as well as the most extreme weather conditions, and not very sensitive to temperature variations. In many buildings the optical fiber is raised to higher floors for connectivity whereas in urban areas, the optical fiber cable is laid under the roads which results in heavy stresses due to traffic over the roads. Optical Fiber cable is layed in ducts from cable roll in shape of “8” and no sharp bend is allowed. In optical patch cords, bending and pressure issue occurs due to carelessness in laying. Optical fiber cable may be subject to curvature/bent, temperature, pressure and many other attenuation losses during installation, servicing or maintenance [5][6]. Cold may cause problems for electromechanical components of a connection, such as breakers or switches [11][12] It does not affect optical fiber signal directly, can cause electrical power issue in Optical fiber systems. Pressure does not have exact effects on optical fiber cables, because there are always proper procedures when we underlay the fiber, from those most are successful those does not have any pressure effects but in few cases when it is not properly buried it might have some losses [13][14]
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