Loss Allocation Techniques in Active Power Distribution Systems

Abstract

Along with several opportunities, the deregulation of the modern power system come across several difficulties in the field of power system operation and shows a significant impact on the electricity markets as well. Since this modernized structure is consumer-centric, the cost of each component in the power system operation must be justified without any ambiguity. Service cost comprises of many components and network loss is also one of them. As it plays a major role, its allocation should be transparent and elucidated. In order to meet the ever-rising power demand, continuous penetration of distributed generator (DG) units is going on at the consumer premises. But, the increasing demand of DGs have made power distribution system (PDS) more complex and challenging as its presence changes the nature of the network from passive to active. Keeping this in view, this thesis first develops an active power loss allocation technique (Method-1) for fair distribution of losses among the network users from the direct correlation existing between potential differences across a branch and its subsequent load currents in terms of node injected complex powers. The loss allocation (LA) results are found to be as per topology with/without DG penetration. The DG remuneration technique proposed awards the entire benefit of network loss reduction (NLR) to the DG owners (DGOs) after investigating their real participation towards NLR. Hence, performance of the developed method-1 is analyzed here at two distinct consequences with the deviation in load power factors. But, some inconsistencies are noticed in the LA results of Method-1. To overcome this issue, Method-2 has been developed where impedance parameter of the concerned branch has been taken into consideration. The efficiency of the developed APLAs are also verified at different voltage dependent load models (LMs) by extending them for Energy LA with various types of DG units. The impact of proposed branch exchange (BE) based heuristic network reconfiguration on PDS loss allocation is also verified with/without DG penetration.