Losartan, a nonpeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonist, inhibits neointima formation following balloon injury to rat carotid arteries

Abstract

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have been shown to inhibit intimal thickening following balloon catheterization of rat carotid arteries. To assess the role of the renin-angiotensin pathway and the angiotensin type-I (AT 1) receptor in this effect, the nonpeptide Ang II antagonist losartan (DuP 753) or vehicle was infused continuously i.v. in rats from two days before to two weeks after balloon injury to the left common carotid artery; drug effects upon intimal thickening were examined histologically. Losartan produced a dose-dependent reduction in cross-sectional area of intimal lesions determined two weeks post balloon injury. At 5 mg/kg/day a nonsignificant 23% reduction of intimal area was observed. At the higher dose of 15 mg/kg/day, losartan produced a 48% reduction in intimal area (P < 0.05) compared to the vehicle-infused group. The cellular density of the neointima was not affected by losartan, indicating a probable effect of the drug upon migration and/or proliferation of smooth muscle cells. In separate groups of non-ballooned rats, losartan infusions of 5 and 15 mg/kg/day produced significant rightward shifts (averaging 6.4- and 55-fold, respectively) in curves relating increases in blood pressure to intravenous Ang II in pithed rats determined between 2 and 16 days following initiation of losartan infusion. Mean arterial blood pressure (determined under α-chloralose anesthesia) was reduced following continuous losartan infusion for 6 days from 128 ± 8 mm Hg (vehicle) to 105 ± 8 mm Hg at 5 mg/kg/day (P < 0.05), and 106 ± 4 mm Hg at 15 mg/kg/day ( P < 0.5). Thus, losartan attenuated the vascular response to balloon catheter injury, and this effect was associated with functional block of vascular AT 1 receptors. The results support a role for Ang II, acting via AT 1 receptors, in myointimal thickening subsequent to balloon injury of rat carotid arteries.