Abstract
This essay analyses the role of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party in the origins of the October 1934 insurrection applying the framing theory. It surveys the different interpretations of the insurrection proposed by scholars. It considers the various factors implied in the Socialists’ construction of the collective action frame that led to the insurrection, such as the interaction between leaders and followers, the Marxist view of bourgeois democracy, the Spanish insurrectionary tradition, the influence of the Russian Revolution, the Socialist defeat in Germany and Austria, the revolutionary optimism of Largo Caballero and the fear of a rightist coup. Finally it discusses whether the insurrection purpose was defending the Republic, preventing a Fascist regime and/or establishing a revolutionary Socialist regime.
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