Los Datos Sobre COVID-19 en México: Un Modelo Para Armar

This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 persons of different socio-economic conditions of Dhaka city using semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview to identify the impact of mass media in disseminating public health related messages to the urban population of Bangladesh. Convenience sampling was the process of selecting the subjects. Among 180 respondents mean age of the respondents was 28.75±8.55 years. Majority of the respondents were graduate (29.0%). Of the total 180 respondents 121 (67.2%) read newspaper and among them, 46 (38.32%) read Public Health related articles in the newspaper regularly. On the other hand out of the total 180 respondents 170 (95.0%) watch television and of them 36 (21.18%) watch public health related programme in the television regularly. Highest 140 (77.8%) respondents said television as the source of information in TB prevention. Majority (90%) of the respondents said of television as the information source on prevention of diarrhoeal diseases. Magazine and internet were mentioned by 20 (11%) respondents in each group as the information source. Regarding the sources of information on pregnancy related problems and solutions television was mentioned as the source of information by 156 (86%) of the respondents. Friends or relatives or teachers (67%), newspaper (64%), billboard (45%) and radio (44%) were other sources. Television was found as the main source of public health information to the people. Impact of print media in disseminating public health messages was mentioned very satisfactory by 24% and electronic media by 77% respondents. The mass media can be very much effective in getting public health messages to the community in developing countries. In view of our findings, it may be recommended that television, newspaper and billboards may be used as tools for reaching out that the use of these media should be strengthened further.
 EMCJ. January 2022; 7(1): 21-25

The adoption of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn gene has increased production and agricultural information exchange plays a vital role towards sustained production growth. The study examined the information system by assessing the usefulness of information, frequency of consultations and strength of information exchange in Bt corn production in Cagayan Province, Philippines. Using descriptive correlation design, it was revealed that both technical and economic information from all sources were rated useful. Technical information on seed variety, land preparation, weather forecast, soil management and fertilizer application are frequently utilized while on the economic information only current market prices was frequently used. Frequency of Consultation with personal information sources gained the highest mean value of 5.02 signifying a two to three times exchange of information. Public information sources obtained an average mean of 2.80 which means four or five times contact in a year. This reveals the gap between the corn growers and public information sources. For the mass media sources, both radio (4.56) and television (4.72) are frequently used at two to three times a month. Personal information sources showed strong (224.25 IS) exchange of information between and among the Bt corn growers which comprise their communication network. Total information scores from public and mass media information sources revealed weak exchange of information. The total information score is significantly correlated with membership to organization, years of membership, nature of membership, land ownership and position in the farm. Total information score from friends, radio and newspaper showed significant relationship with income. Thus, information exchange with friends, listening to radio and reading newspaper had a significant influence on the increase of corn growers’ income.

Health-care policies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico: A continuous case of heterogeneous, reactive, and unequal response

AB1140-HPR Senior Rheumatologysts, Junior Rheumatologysts, Nurse Specialists and Patients with Similar Diseases – Four Sources of Information for Rheumatic Patient not Equally Valued, not Equally Used

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of public and private information of Tunisian firms on stock liquidity.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a sample of 41 Tunisian firms listed in Tunis Stock Exchange for the year 2007. Public information disclosed in annual reports and in web sites is measured by two self‐constructed disclosure indexes. To assess private information the authors use imbalance order flows. The stock liquidity proxy used in the study is Liu's multidimensional measure. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression is applied to model the relationship between firm's information environment and stock liquidity.FindingsFirst, the results provide evidence that public and private information are independent. Second, Tunisian investors do not trust the information disclosed in both annual reports and web sites, consequently it has no effect on stock liquidity, in contrast with private information. This result implies that Tunisian investors are overconfident and rely only on their private information.Practical implicationsThe paper's findings indicate that Tunisian regulation efforts to enhance corporate transparency are not sufficient. Hence, Tunisian firms need more incentives to disclose more information to investors.Originality/valueThis paper, to the authors’ best knowledge, is the first to investigate the effect of both private and public information on stock liquidity. Moreover, the authors were not limited to annual reports as the only source of public information, as were prior papers, because public information was assessed in both annual reports and corporate web sites.

ObjectivesAfter taking a heavy toll on the world population, the COVID-19 pandemic is now an endemic disease of global public health significance that requires long-term application of control measures, which...

Background and Objectives: Sentinel surveillance in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico represented a significant cost reduction and was useful in estimating the population infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, it also implied that many patients were not screened and therefore had no accurate diagnosis. In this study, we carried out a population-based SARS-CoV-2 screening in Mexico to evaluate the COVID-19-related symptoms and their weighting in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss this data in the context of the operational definition of suspected cases of COVID-19 established by the Mexican Health Authority’s consensus. Materials and Methods: One thousand two hundred seventy-nine subjects were included. They were screened for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. The weighting of COVID-19 symptoms in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection was evaluated statistically. Results: Three hundred and twenty-five patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 954 were negative. Fever, asthenia, dysgeusia, and oxygen saturation predicted SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratios ranged from 1.74 to 4.98; p < 0.05). The percentage of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients was 36% and only 38.15% met the Mexican operational definition. Cq-values for the gene N of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly higher in asymptomatic subjects than in the groups of COVID-19 patients with neurological, respiratory, and/or musculoskeletal manifestations (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dysgeusia, fever, and asthenia increased the odds of a positive result for COVID-19 1.74–4.98-fold among the study population. Patients with neurological, respiratory, and/or musculoskeletal manifestations had higher viral loads at COVID-19 diagnosis than those observed in asymptomatic patients. A high percentage of the participants in the study (61.85%) did not meet the operational definition for a suspected case of COVID-19 established by the Mexican Health Authority’s consensus, representing a high percentage of the population that could have remained without a COVID-19 diagnosis, so becoming a potential source of virus spread.

Providing health information during disease outbreaks is a fundamental component of outbreak control strategies. This study aimed to explore sources of influenza A(H1N1)-related information, specific information needs and preferences of the lay public during the peak of the outbreak. A cross-sectional, population-based, computer-assisted telephone interview of 1,050 respondents was conducted in Malaysia between July 11 and September 12, 2009. Newspaper, television and family were three main sources of information about A(H1N1). There were substantial ethnic differences; the Malays were significantly more likely to identify television as main source, while newspapers and family were identified as the main sources by the Chinese and Indians, respectively. Overall, the two main information needs identified were prevention and treatment. The Malays expressed lesser need for overall information than other ethnic groups. The three most preferred sources of information were television, newspapers and healthcare providers. There were significant positive correlations between amount of information received with knowledge (r = 0.149), perceived susceptibility to infection (r = 0.177), and other behavioral responses. Health information dissemination should be dedicated to meeting the information needs of diverse sociodemographic and ethnic groups. The findings highlight the importance of providing information that increases awareness and behavioral changes in disease prevention yet reduce fear.

This study was carried out to reveal the sources of communication and social network of organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Samsun province. The primary and basic material of the study is the data obtained from the surveys, interviews and observations of the organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Camlica, Yuksekyayla villages and Agcaguney town. Both producer groups were compared in terms of their social networks and communication channels especially on the use of different fertilizers by making suggestions on how to develop it. The results of the research showed that socio-economic status of the organic hazelnut producers was better than conventional producers in terms of land size, income, cooperation capacity, risk management and agricultural supports. Social Network Analysis (SNA) has shown the graphs of communication networks among the producers, their relationships with different public, private and mass media information sources and especially revealed leader farmers whom functioned as source of information transfer (or even blocker) among them. The relationships in organic hazelnut producers’ communication network in the village are strong, dense and information sources are varied. On the contrary, the relationships in communication network of conventional hazelnut producers were looser, strong and information sources were uniform. The main source of technical information for both groups of producers was the experienced leader farmers; as for organic producers, the heads of the local organic producers' union was the main information source in terms of commercial, legal and organizational aspects. In other words, both organic and conventional producers rely on knowledge and experience of producers who take on the role of opinion leader within the village. Therefore, innovation and knowledge transfer to farmers can be delivered through these opinion leaders. As a result of the research, it can be said that institutional information sources do not adequately support organic and conventional hazelnut growers. Thus, organic producers developed their local knowledge source based on their on-farm trials and experiences and shared this knowledge within their peer groups. However, this information needs to be supported with scientific findings.

Introduction: The Sustainable Development Goals call for inclusive, equitable and quality learning opportunities for all. This is especially important for children, to ensure they all develop to their full potential, but previous studies have shown that a large number of children are at risk of poor development. We studied the prevalence and inequalities of delay in child development in 63 low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We used data on the early child development module that was introduced in national health surveys. This instrument covers four developmental domains (physical, social-emotional, learning, literacy-numeracy) and provides a combined indicator (early child development indicator, ECDI) of whether children are on track. We calculated the age-adjusted prevalence of suspected delay at the country level and stratifying by wealth, urban/rural residence, sex of the child and maternal education. We also calculated measures of absolute and relative inequality. Findings: We studied 330.613 children from 63 countries. Prevalence of suspected delay for the ECDI ranged from 3% in Barbados to 67% in Chad. For all countries together, 25% of the children were suspected of developmental delay. At regional level, prevalence of delay ranged from 42% in West & Central Africa to 10% in Europe & Central Asia. The literacy-numeracy domain was by far the most challenging, with the highest proportions of delay. We observed very large within country inequalities for the ECDI, and most markedly for the literacy-numeracy domain. Interpretation: To date, our study presents the most comprehensive analysis of child development using a direct measure of development. We found an overall prevalence of developmental delay that was lower than previous studies. Nonetheless, a quarter of the children were suspected of not being on track. This represents an immense challenge for countries and multilateral agencies given the large number of children in need of help, the multifactorial aspect of early child development and the large between- and within country gaps we found. Funding Statement: This work was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (through the Countdown to 2030 initiative, OPP1148933). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: DHS and MICS are public sources of information and ethical approval has already been obtained by the institutions responsible for the implementation in each country.

Accessibility of archival information in the era of information disclosure is marked by the development of technology and information, which is a challenge for archival institutions in meeting community needs for historical information sourced from archives. As a public information institution, archival institutions must transform in carrying out their functions and duties in order to provide excellent service to the public using static archives. However, in practice, efforts to realize the accessibility of static archives as a source of public information at archival institutions (LK) have experienced problems related to the deposit of archives as a collective memory. This is caused by two things, namely that there are still many archive creators who have not submitted static archives to le, and the limited understanding and archival outreach of the public. This study describes how to improve the accessibility of archives as public information on LK in the era of information disclosure, using a qualitative approach and literature study methods. The results of this study indicate that the low accessibility of archives is caused by the lack of optimal archival management development, the low availability of archives as a result of the low quality of archive management in LK, and the lack of public understanding of the role of LK as a repository of historical information.

The objective of the study is to describe trends in selected services offered at public health facilities and utilization patterns during the Covid-19 epidemic in Mexico. We used administrative data and the National Health and Nutrition Survey Covid-19, 2020. We found a reduction in the rates of diabetes and detection screening during 2020 compared to 2014-2019. From the demand side, we found that 18.6% of the population reported health needs, and only 34% of them received care in public health facilities. The use of private health services was extensive even among the population with social security. The uninsured and the population with high and medium socioeconomic status had a lower probability of receiving care in public health facilities. We document trends in selected services, as well as the cascade of care during the Covid-19 epidemic in Mexico and its potential impact on displaced health care.

ObjectiveTo assess progress in meeting young people's sex education needs in Britain by examining the current situation and changes over the past 20 years in sources of information about sexual...

The rapid development of technology is directly proportional to the development of mass media. The presence of the internet in people's daily lives has had a major impact on the sustainability of mass media. One of them is the daily print media LuwukPost, which inevitably has to improve itself to welcome the new era, namely digital mass media. The emergence of this new media changes the way people get information through the media. To be able to continue to compete as a source of information that is of interest to the public, Luwukpost mass media must innovate by means of digitalization. In writing this scientific work, it was only limited to conducting a literature study using the digital mass media, the daily newspaper Luwukpost, as a source of public information. The choice of digital media allows professionals in the mass media field to convey news and present information and entertainment using a variety of information. Based on the results of the research conducted.

Hospital admissions in the National Health Survey and hospital separations in the National Hospital Morbidity Dataset: What is the difference?