Lorenzetti Showers - A general-purpose framework for supporting signal reconstruction and triggering with calorimeters

Abstract

Calorimeters play an important role in high-energy physics experiments. Their design includes electronic instrumentation, signal processing chain, computing infrastructure, and also a good understanding of their response to particle showers produced by the interaction of incoming particles. This is usually supported by full simulation frameworks developed for specific experiments so that their access is restricted to the collaboration members only. Such restrictions limit the general-purpose developments that aim to propose innovative approaches to signal processing, which may include machine learning and advanced stochastic signal processing models. This work presents the Lorenzetti Showers, a general-purpose framework that mainly targets supporting novel signal reconstruction and triggering strategies using segmented calorimeter information. This framework fully incorporates developments down to the signal processing chain level (signal shaping, energy estimation, and noise mitigation techniques) to allow advanced signal processing approaches in modern calorimetry and triggering systems. The developed framework is flexible enough to be extended in different directions. For instance, it can become a tool for the phenomenology community to go beyond the usual detector design and physics process generation approaches. Program summaryProgram Title: Lorenzetti ShowersCPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/sy64367452.1Developer's repository link:https://github.com/lorenzetti-hep/lorenzettiLicensing provisions: GPLv3Programming language: Python, C++.Nature of problem: In experimental high-energy physics, simulation is essential for experiment preparation, design and interpretations of ongoing acquisitions. Especially for calorimeters, an accurate simulation that can describe detector geometry, behavior to different physics processes and signal generation close to the readout electronics and data acquisition levels is required to properly develop signal processing and computational methods. Such detectors may face very challenging demands arising from the new designs, such as pileup mitigation and noise reduction tasks under unprecedented levels. In this sense, simulation requirements continuously increase in complexity and performance, because new physics searches require large datasets and accurate modeling to experimental effects.Solution method: The Lorenzetti Showers is an integrated software framework that provides complete calorimeter information close enough to the electronic readout chain. Thus, the proposed framework allows users to access cell readout values, configurable sensor pulse-shapes, crosstalk modeling, and different energy estimation methods. It aims at supporting designs that target low or high pileup operation conditions in an easy-to-use modular structure. The developed framework is based on Pythia 8 (particle generation) and Geant4 (interactions with the calorimeter technique under analysis). An efficient data recording structure was used to allow full access to the Lorenzetti Showers outputs. In summary, the Lorenzetti Showers tool provides to the scientific community a user-friendly, flexible, user-oriented, and low-level calorimeter simulation framework.Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The framework current version provides the implementation of a generic segmented calorimeter (electromagnetic and hadronic sections), which may be modified by the user, if desired. It allows the generation of particles interactions using Pythia 8 (native) or any generator compatible with the HepMC format (which may be integrated using an external input file) and propagation through a user-configurable calorimeter using Geant4.