Abstract
Lord Howe Island and the nearby Ball's Pyramid stack, located between Australia and New Caledonia, are two remnants of volcanic plugs surrounded by erosional insular shelves. The climate falls into a submediterranean, not truly tropical, type ; it has resulted in the formation of Pleistocene eolianites which resemble very much those found around the Mediterranean Sea and in Western Australia ; they are associated with an old beach which is likely to belong to the Normannian (Ouljian, Eemian, Ipswichian) interglacial sea level. A fringing coral reef, favoured by a warm current originated in the Coral Sea, occurs on the western side of Lord Howe Island. This southernmost coral reef in the world, separated from the island by a boat channel, bears a number of living coral heads surprisingly large for such a latitude, but the transition with the temperate seas is marked by the presence of many soft algae on the reef, especially Caulerpa sedoides. This mixture of corals and soft algae is typical of a transitional island as Lord Howe is.
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