Abstract
Urban networks aim at facilitating users for better experience and services through smart platforms such as the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). ITS focuses on information acquisition, sensing, contrivance control, data processing and forwarding to ground devices via user-specific application-interfaces. The utility of ITS is further improved via the Internet of Things (IoT), which supports “Connectivity to All”. One of the key applications of IoT-ITS is urban surveillance. Current surveillance in IoT-ITS is performed via fixed infrastructure-based sensing applications which consume an excessive amount of energy leading to several overheads and failures in the network. Such issues can be overcome by the utilization of on-demand nodes, such as drones, etc. However, drones-assisted surveillance requires efficient communication setup as drones are battery operated and any extemporaneous maneuver during monitoring may result in loss of drone or complete failure of the network. The novelty in terms of network layout can be procured by the utilization of drones with LoRaWAN, which is the protocol designated for Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN). However, even this architectural novelty alone cannot ascertain the formation of fail-safe, highly resilient, low-overhead, and non-redundant network, which is additionally the problem considered in this paper. To resolve such problem, this paper uses drones as LoRaWAN gateway and proposes a communication strategy based on the area stress, resilient factor, and energy consumption that avail in the efficient localization, improved coverage and energy-efficient surveillance with lower overheads, lower redundancy, and almost zero-isolations. The proposed approach is numerically simulated and the results show that the proposed approach can conserve a maximum of 39.2% and a minimum of 12.6% of the total network energy along with an improvement in the area stress between 89.7% and 53.0% for varying number of drones over a fixed area.
Highlights
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) includes strategies for traffic management, navigation, user-tracking and coordinated information processing for better services to the users [1,2]
Majority of the devices involved in urban-surveillance in Internet of Things (IoT)-ITS are always at an edge of depleting resources that may result in the complete failure of the network
To resolve such a problem, a drone-assisted strategy was proposed in this paper which utilized the concept of LoRaWAN and its architecture for conserving energy via an efficient deployment of drones between the end users and the ground sensors
Summary
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) includes strategies for traffic management, navigation, user-tracking and coordinated information processing for better services to the users [1,2]. It is undoubted that drones can enhance the scalability of surveillance, but there are certain challenges that are to be tackled for their utilization, which includes issues cognate to path planning, deployment, task allocation, location identification, coverage and capacity modeling, trajectory optimization, flight time improvement, secure-transmissions, cyber-physical connectivity, reliable computing and cooperative network formations [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26] Solutions to these problems are a must while deploying drones in ITS for urban surveillance. Networks operating with sensors or battery operated devices can take advantage of LPWAN module as it uses low-bit rate communication but to a large extent This helps in transmitting information for longer duration and without much wastage of energy resources.
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