Abstract
Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies provide long-range and low power consumption for many battery-powered devices used in Internet of Things (IoT). One of the most utilized LPWAN technologies is LoRaWAN (Long Range WAN) with over 700 million connections expected by the year 2023. LoraWAN base stations need to ensure stable and energy-efficient communication without unnecessary repetitions with sufficient range coverage and good capacity. To meet these requirements, a simple and efficient upgrade in the design of LoRaWAN base station is proposed, based on using two or more concentrators. The development steps are outlined in this paper and the evaluation of the enhanced base station is done with a series of measurements conducted in Zagreb, Croatia. Through these measurements we compared received messages and communication parameters on novel and standard base stations. The results showed a significant increase in the probability of successful reception of messages on the novel base station which corresponds to the increase of base station capacity and can be very beneficial for the energy consumption of most LoRaWAN end devices.
Highlights
IntroductionIn order to develop the Internet of Things (IoT), a network of devices that communicate with each other and other systems over the Internet, it is necessary to have communication technology that provides long-range and low power consumption
Two LoRaWAN base stations were implemented: one using existing code [33] based on Raspberry Pi with one concentrator and antenna, and the other using customized code running on second Raspberry Pi with two sets of concentrators and antennas connected via two predefined Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) connections according to Figure 4
The upgrade is based on adding a second set of concentrator and antenna, which is practically demonstrated using a low-cost base station design based on microcomputer Raspberry Pi, concentrators iC880A and additional software modifications
Summary
In order to develop the Internet of Things (IoT), a network of devices that communicate with each other and other systems over the Internet, it is necessary to have communication technology that provides long-range and low power consumption. Technologies in which high data rate is traded for wide coverage and energy efficiency are known as Low Power. According to [1], over 90% of all connected devices use one of four most utilized LPWAN technologies: NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT), LoRaWAN (Long Range WAN), LTE-M (Long Term Evolution for Machines), and Sigfox. LoRaWAN use Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) [3] modulation technology in which data is encoded with frequency-modulated signal—chirp, which enhances long-range communication and robustness to interference
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