Abstract
During the few last years, indoor and outdoor Air Quality Monitoring (AQM) has gained a lot of interest among the scientific community due to its direct relation with human health. The Internet of Things (IoT) and, especially, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have given rise to the development of wireless AQM portable systems. This paper presents the development of a LoRa (short for long-range) based sensor network for AQM and gas leakage events detection. The combination of both a commercial gas sensor and a resistance measurement channel for graphene chemoresistive sensors allows both the calculation of an Air Quality Index based on the concentration of reducing species such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and CO, and it also makes possible the detection of NO2, which is an important air pollutant. The graphene sensor tested with the LoRa nodes developed allows the detection of NO2 pollution in just 5 min as well as enables monitoring sudden changes in the background level of this pollutant in the atmosphere. The capability of the system of detecting both reducing and oxidizing pollutant agents, alongside its low-cost, low-power, and real-time monitoring features, makes this a solution suitable to be used in wireless AQM and early warning systems.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organisation, in 2016, household and ambient air pollution were responsible for seven million deaths [1]
The commercial gas sensor used enables the detection of reducing gases such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and CO, and the calculation of an Index for Air Quality according to the total concentration of these pollutant species in the surroundings
This sensor is not able to give a proper index of air quality (IAQ) value in the presence of oxidising pollutant gases, as the IAQ value decreases when the sensor reacts with NO2
Summary
According to the World Health Organisation, in 2016, household and ambient air pollution were responsible for seven million deaths [1]. Many researchers have investigated both indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring systems because of air quality being intrinsically linked to human health [2,3,4,5,6] and the occurrence of premature deaths [7,8,9,10]. The concentration of some air pollutants can often be two to five times higher than the concentrations found outdoors [14]. Outdoor air pollutants entering the buildings and those generated indoors are directly affecting human health since these can cause headache, hypoxia, or problems in vital systems such as the respiratory, cardiovascular, or central
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