Abstract
Expressions for loose-part momentum and impact force were derived as functions of plate bending wave surface acceleration and primary frequency content. These relationships were used to constrain the loose-part diagnostic problem so that loose part mass and impact energy can be determined for credible values of contact radius. Uncertainties associated with unknown contact radius were evaluated by simulation, and experimental data were analyzed for multiple energy impacts by metal spheres having mass between 0.15 and 32 lbs. Significant biases were found to exist when using apparent impact contact time information based on the two-dimensional Lamb wave model. Using the mass estimation method and bias estimates, an iterative technique was developed that converges to close to the theoretical contact time. The results provide methods for loose-part mass and energy estimation and for evaluating the effects of uncertainty in loose part location and signal transmission attenuation.
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