Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has become a powerful alternative to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for pathogen detection in clinical specimens and food matrices. Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a zoonotic pathogen of significant food and feed safety concern worldwide. The first study employing LAMP for the rapid detection of Salmonella was reported in 2005, 5 years after the invention of the LAMP technology in Japan. This review provides an overview of international efforts in the past decade on the development and application of Salmonella LAMP assays in a wide array of food and feed matrices. Recent progress in assay design, platform development, commercial application, and method validation is reviewed. Future perspectives toward more practical and wider applications of Salmonella LAMP assays in food and feed testing are discussed.
Highlights
Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a Gram-negative zoonotic pathogen of substantial public health concern (WHO, 2017)
This review provides an overview of international efforts in the past decade on the development and application of Salmonella Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays in a wide array of food and feed matrices
Salmonella is recognized as a major microbial hazard in animal food, which includes pet food, animal feed, and raw materials and ingredients (EFSA, 2008; FAO/World Health Organization (WHO), 2015; FDA, 2017b)
Summary
Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a Gram-negative zoonotic pathogen of substantial public health concern (WHO, 2017). To prevent or reduce Salmonella outbreaks/illnesses from contaminated human or animal food, vigilant product testing and environmental monitoring for pathogens are critical, as underscored by the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) regulations on preventive controls (FDA, 2017a, b) This highlights the importance and urgency to develop rapid, reliable, and robust methods for Salmonella detection in a variety of food and feed matrices. Japanese scientists Hara-Kudo et al (2005; Ohtsuka et al, 2005) have pioneered the field of LAMP detection for Salmonella in terms of initial assay development and food applications. Salmonella LAMP detection kits with proprietary primer information are available commercially, including Loopamp Salmonella Detection Kit (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), 3M Molecular Detection Assay (MDA) 2—Salmonella (3M Food Safety, St. Paul, MN), SAS Molecular Tests Salmonella Detection Kit (SA Scientific Ltd., San Antonio, TX), and Ampli-LAMP Salmonella species (NovaZym, Poznan, Poland). Naked eye (tur- 500 CFU (gel bidity); gel electrophoresis), electrophoresis 0.05 CFU (naked eye)
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