Abstract
In 1998, when the PCR technique was already popular, a Japanese company called Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd. designed a method known as the loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA (LAMP). The method can produce up to 109 copies of the amplified DNA within less than an hour. It is also highly specific due to the use of two to three pairs of primers (internal, external, and loop), which recognise up to eight specific locations on the DNA or RNA targets. Furthermore, the Bst DNA polymerase most used in LAMP shows a high strand displacement activity, which eliminates the DNA denaturation stage. One of the most significant advantages of LAMP is that it can be conducted at a stable temperature, for instance, in a dry block heater or an incubator. The products of LAMP can be detected much faster than in standard techniques, sometimes only requiring analysis with the naked eye. The following overview highlights the usefulness of LAMP and its effectiveness in various fields; it also considers the superiority of LAMP over PCR and presents RT-LAMP as a rapid diagnostic tool for SARS-CoV-2.
Highlights
One of the greatest achievements of molecular biology is the invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique by Kary B
In 1998, a Japanese company called Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd. designed a method known as the loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA (LAMP), eliminating certain difficulties native to PCR [8]
The analysis provided comparable values for both methods in the former, whereas multiplex reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) showed higher sensitivity and accuracy in the latter case
Summary
One of the greatest achievements of molecular biology is the invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique by Kary B. All variants of PCR progress cyclically along stages with strictly determined durations and temperature conditions, comprising the denaturation of DNA, hybridization of primers into complementary DNA bases, and specific elongation of the DNA chain. This process requires special equipment (a thermocycler) and a considerable amount of time, which is needed for PCR itself and for DNA/RNA extraction and the results visualization. RTth polymerase has shown the ability to identify genetic material in the presence of inhibitors, depending on their concentration This ability is higher for RNA than for DNA when both are used as biological material [6,7]
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