Abstract
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) includes all of the anxiety syndromes within a section on anxiety disorders. However, the observation that some anxiety disorders share common features and are highly comorbid with one another has led to the development of a hierarchical model of anxiety disorders (Watson, 2005). This model divides the anxiety disorders into distress disorders (i.e., generalized anxiety disorder) and fear disorders (i.e., panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia). Distress disorders are characterized by negative affectivity and pervasive subjective distress, whereas fear disorders are characterized by phobic reactions, autonomic arousal, and the fight-or-flight response. Panic disorder and the phobias are grouped together in this chapter given these similarities and accumulating support for this hierarchical model (see Watson, 2005).
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