Looking for the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in the Virgo cluster from WMAP and ROSAT data

Abstract

Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations at millimetre wavelengths are sensitive to the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect in galaxy clusters. Among all the objects in the sky, the Virgo cluster is expected to provide the largest integrated signal. Based on models compatible with the X-ray emission observed in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey, we predict an approximately 2σ detection of the SZ effect from Virgo in the WMAP 3-yr data. Our analysis reveals a 3σ signal on scales of 5 ◦ , although the frequency dependence deviates from the theoretical expectation for the SZ effect. The main sources of uncertainty are instrumental noise, and, most importantly, possible contamination from point sources and diffuse back/foregrounds. In particular, a population of unresolved extragalactic sources in Virgo would explain the observed intensity and frequency dependence. In order to resolve this question, one needs to wait for experiments like Planck to achieve the required accuracy.