Abstract

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria in recent decades leads us to an urgent need for the development of new antibacterial agents. The species of the genus Amycolatopsis are known as producers of secondary metabolites that are used in medicine and agriculture. The complete genome sequences of the Amycolatopsis demonstrate a wide variety of biosynthetic gene clusters, which highlights the potential ability of actinomycetes of this genus to produce new antibiotics. In this review, we summarize information about antibiotics produced by Amycolatopsis species. This knowledge demonstrates the prospects for further study of this genus as an enormous source of antibiotics.

Highlights

  • IntroductionAbout a hundred years ago, Alexander Fleming described the suppression of bacterial growth in an agar medium under the action of a certain substance released into the environment by a fungus colony growing nearby

  • The science of antibiotics was formed in the twentieth century

  • In our review we focus on antibiotics produced by genus Amycolatopsis, including the history of their discovery, the emergence of resistance, and the current state of the new drug discovery problem

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Summary

Introduction

About a hundred years ago, Alexander Fleming described the suppression of bacterial growth in an agar medium under the action of a certain substance released into the environment by a fungus colony growing nearby. This fungus was Penicillium chrysogenum, and the first discovered antibiotic was called penicillin. An additional problem was the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. In our review we focus on antibiotics produced by genus Amycolatopsis, including the history of their discovery, the emergence of resistance, and the current state of the new drug discovery problem

The History and Genomic Analysis of Amycolatopsis
Amycolatopsis Genomic Potential for Antibiotic Production
Glycopeptide Antibiotics
Vancomycin
Eremomycin
Norvancomycin
Balhimycin
Avoparcin and Emergence of Vancomycin Resistance
Polyketide Antibiotics
Rifamycin’s Discovery and Structure
Mechanism of Rifampicin Action and Occurrence of Resistance
Polyketide Backbone Rearrangement
Kanglemycin A
Vancoresmycin
Rifamycin O
Findings
Conclusions

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