Long-Term Vegetation Changes in the Pietersburg Plateau Bushveld of the Limpopo Province, South Africa: A New Floristic Assessment of the Turfloop Nature Reserve

Abstract

A floristic assessment of the Turfloop Nature Reserve was undertaken, with specific reference to the vegetation structure, species of conservation importance (i.e. Red Data species, protected, endemic species, species of medicinal value and biotic and a biotic environment). Releves were compiled in 33 random sample plots placed in the study area. A TWINSPAN classification, refined by Braun-Blanquet procedures, revealed eight plant communities. A hierarchical classification, description and ecological interpretation of plant communities are presented. The general structure in terms of growth forms and dominant species of vegetation has changed, compared to a similar survey conducted 39 years ago. Three new plant communities occur and changes also occurred within existing communities. The abundance of vegetation on certain areas has decreased due to severe unsustainable exploitation of resources by surrounding villages, leading to the demise of old and the establishment of new plant communities. The study addresses the long-term changes in vegetation, including the effect of human intervention. It has implications for all involved in veld management, illustrating the effects of over-exploitation on natural resources.