Abstract
In the present study, Mann–Kendall (MK)/Modified Mann–Kendall (MMK) test, Innovative Trend Method (ITM), and Sen’s slope test were used to determine the trend over the Southern part of Bihar at monthly, seasonal, and annual time scales for 11 stations using 110 years data (1901–2010). In the MMK test, all stations in the annual and monsoon seasons showed a significant decrease in rainfall trend at the 10% significance level which was also confirmed by the ITM test. The maximum decrease in the magnitude of rainfall observed for the annual season was 2.861 mm/year, for monsoon rainfall was 2.792 mm/year, and for winter rainfall it was 0.085 mm/year. On the other hand, the maximum increase in rainfall observed for Post monsoon season was 0.225 mm/year and for the summer season it was 0.138 mm/ year during the study period. All stations showed a significant decreasing trend in the month of February, June, July, and August while the significant increasing trend in the month of January and May although October, November, and December also showed a significant increasing trend for 3, 9, and 5 stations, respectively. The spatial trend depicted that the Nalanda
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