Long-term treatment of polysaccharides-based hydrogel microparticles as oral insulin delivery in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice

Abstract

To develop a more effective and safer drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), polysaccharides-based hydrogel microparticles as oral insulin delivery was prepared and explored. This study was aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effects and hypoglycemic mechanism with long-term administration(four weeks) of oral insulin hydrogel microparticles in type 2 diabetic mice on a model of diabetes using a high fat diet combined with streptozotocin. The results revealed that the long-term treatment of oral insulin polysaccharides-based hydrogel microparticles could significantly alleviate the symptoms of polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria and weight loss in diabetic mice. Also, oral administration of insulin hydrogel microparticles could significantly reduce fasting blood glucose levels, ameliorate insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity in the mice with T2DM. The concentration of plasma TG, TC, LDL-C, FFA, BUN, CRE significantly decreased and the levels of HDL-C increased showed that insulin polysaccharides-based hydrogel microparticles were effective in regulating lipid metabolism and prevent diabetic nephropathy complication in diabetic mice. In addition, the supplementation of insulin hydrogel microparticles could significant improve the antioxidant capacity by increasing the level of SOD, CAT and decreasing the level of MDA, GPT, NO, TNF-α, and reverse histological deterioration of kidney and pancreas in diabetic mice. The above outcome concluded that insulin polysaccharides-based hydrogel microparticles may exhibit promising anti-diabetic activity and the potential to be a drug candidate for T2DM.