Abstract
This chapter describes the common methods to study long-term outcomes in patients who have undergone major surgery in childhood, especially repair of a congenital malformation. It also sums up today’s knowledge on the long-term outcome of some classic pediatric surgical conditions. The analysis of long-term outcomes is important to pediatric surgeons. The knowledge of long-term outcome can guide the patient’s management and principles of the follow-up throughout the patient’s childhood. It also aims to give the parents of the patient a realistic picture on the development of their child. For a patient with a significant congenital malformation, the end point and final outcome measure are the functional result at the adult age, when the patient is an independent individual. Recent data has shown that many patients who have undergone major surgery during early childhood have significant functional aberrations at adult age. Some of these have a profound influence on the quality of life of these patients.
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