Abstract
The need for durable concrete in marine environments such as areas prone to tidal flooding is important due to its ability to deteriorate the structures. This led to the design of a durable and strong Polymer-Modified Concrete (PMC) using natural or bio-polymer modified concrete. However, the use of biopolymer-modified concrete is very limited. Therefore, this research developed a bio-polymer modified concrete using Gracilaria sp., Moringa oleifera, and honey (GMH) for column retrofitting. The research aimed to retrofit and improve the compressive strength and durability of broken columns submerged by tidal flooding by applying bio-polymer modified concrete with GMH. A field application of column retrofitting was conducted in areas prone to tidal flooding. The retrofitted columns performance was observed for 14 months and validated by non-destructive and destructive tests. The result showed that the compressive strength of the retrofitted column achieved 32.37 MPa, which is a 92.34% increase compared to the baseline. This research provides answers to the challenge of concrete materials sustainability by promoting bio-polymer modified concrete that significantly increased its performance and long-term durability using GMH.
Highlights
The deterioration of concrete structures caused by tidal flooding is one of the major causes of coastal infrastructure damage
Several research have reported the durability of concrete structures in the marine environment, including long-term investigation of concrete performance exposed to seawater [3–6]
Gracilaria sp. powder, an agar-agar product sold in the marketplace, Moringa oleifera powder from its seeds and honey were added to the mixture, as shown in Figure 1, Tables 2 and 3
Summary
The deterioration of concrete structures caused by tidal flooding is one of the major causes of coastal infrastructure damage. Some of the major causes of concrete deterioration are chemical attack of seawater constituents during the hydration process of cement, alkali-aggregate expansion, crystallization pressure of salts, frost action in cold climates, and corrosion of reinforced steel embedded in concrete structures. Several research have reported the durability of concrete structures in the marine environment, including long-term investigation of concrete performance exposed to seawater [3–6]. Concrete mixed with seawater achieved a good mechanical properties performance even though it was slightly lower than those using plain water [7–9]. Preliminary reasearch conveyed the improved durability and bond strength of concrete structures in the marine environment was achieved due to the development of Polymer-Modified Concrete (PMC) by mixing
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