Abstract
We have developed a practical solution to implement the direct locking method for the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stabilization of femtosecond laser pulses and achieved 24-hour CEP stabilization without realignment of any optical components. The direct locking method realizes the CEP stabilization in the time domain by directly quenching the beat signal from an f-to-2f interferometer and, thereby, locking every pulse to a same CEP. We have accomplished the long-term CEP stabilization using commercially available standard feedback electronics, and maintained the CEP stabilization with low jitter without using any frequency-analyzing components, greatly facilitating the accessibility of the CEP stabilization.
Highlights
Carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stabilization of femtosecond laser pulses has become one of crucial techniques in attosecond science [1,2,3] as well as in frequency metrology [4,5,6]
The CEP stabilization technique has been developed on the basis of the phase-locked loop (PLL) method [7,8,9,10], operating in the frequency domain, and widely used for the generation of a stable optical frequency comb
The direct locking (DL) method is a different kind of CEP stabilization technique operating in the time domain [11]
Summary
Carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stabilization of femtosecond laser pulses has become one of crucial techniques in attosecond science [1,2,3] as well as in frequency metrology [4,5,6]. The CEP stabilization technique has been developed on the basis of the phase-locked loop (PLL) method [7,8,9,10], operating in the frequency domain, and widely used for the generation of a stable optical frequency comb. We present a practical solution to implement the DL method for the CEP stabilization of femtosecond laser pulses, achieving continuous CEP stabilization for 24 hours without any optical realignment. The CEP stabilization is realized using commercially available standard feedback electronics containing the functions of proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) operations. In addition we show that the DL can be realized without using any frequency-related equipment such as an RF spectrum analyzer, making it an economical solution for CEP stabilization of femtosecond lasers. Received 21 May 2008; revised 14 Jul 2008; accepted 20 Jul 2008; published 6 Aug 2008 18 August 2008 / Vol 16, No 17 / OPTICS EXPRESS 12625
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