Abstract
To examine whether depression symptoms or antidepressant medication (ADM) use predicts the probability of cardiovascular events in overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Preplanned analyses of depression and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) were performed in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) weight loss trial after a median follow-up of 9.6 years. Depression symptoms, assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), were analyzed both as a continuous and dichotomized variable (BDI score <10 or ≥10). ADM use was coded from participants' prescription medications. Four composite CVD outcomes were defined in the study protocol. Sex-stratified Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for a range of baseline covariates. Depression symptoms were only significantly associated with a composite secondary outcome comprising CVD death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, hospitalized angina, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery bypass graft, and carotid endarterectomy. Significant sex interactions were observed for BDI score and BDI score ≥10. BDI score was significantly associated with higher probability of this composite outcome in men but was not associated with the outcome in women. BDI score ≥10 was positively associated with this composite outcome in men but was negatively associated in women. Exploratory analysis identified a significant BDI ≥10 × ADM use interaction for this composite outcome that differed in men versus women. Men with both BDI score ≥10 and ADM use compared with those with neither had 60% higher probability of the outcome, whereas women with both compared with those with neither had 50% lower probability. Sex differences in the association of depression symptoms and ADM use with incident CVD warrant further investigation.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
