Abstract
Under high-enough values of perpendicularly-applied magnetic field and current, a type-II superconductor presents a finite resistance caused by the vortex motion driven by the Lorentz force. To recover the dissipation-free conduction state, strategies for minimizing vortex motion have been intensely studied in the last decades. However, the non-local vortex motion, arising in areas depleted of current, has been scarcely investigated despite its potential application for logic devices. Here, we propose a route to transfer vortices carried by non-local motion through long distances (up to 10 micrometers) in 50 nm-wide superconducting WC nanowires grown by Ga+ Focused Ion Beam Induced Deposition. A giant non-local electrical resistance of 36 Ω has been measured at 2 K in 3 μm-long nanowires, which is 40 times higher than signals reported for wider wires of other superconductors. This giant effect is accounted for by the existence of a strong edge confinement potential that hampers transversal vortex displacements, allowing the long-range coherent displacement of a single vortex row along the superconducting channel. Experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations of vortex dynamics based on the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations. Our results pave the way for future developments on information technologies built upon single vortex manipulation in nano-superconductors.
Highlights
On the other hand, non-local effects related to motion of vortices in regions of superconductors depleted of current have been reported
We report the long-range vortex transfer carried in 50 nm-wide superconducting WC nanowires grown by Ga+ Focused Ion Beam Induced Deposition (FIBID)[32,33]
We focus first on results obtained in 50 nm-wide and 3 μm-long structures, for which only a single row of vortices can be accommodated in the nanowire
Summary
Non-local effects related to motion of vortices in regions of superconductors depleted of current have been reported. The rest of vortices in the longitudinal section of the nanowire feel the transfer of momentum via the vortex-vortex interaction If this motion can be sustained up to the location of the voltage lead, the electric field associated with a moving vortex crossing the lead will generate a potential difference, yielding the non-local voltage. A giant non-local electrical signal is detected far away from the bias current leads, at large distances (3 and 10 μm) compared to the intervortex distance (a few tens of nanometers) We have found this giant signal in a wide temperature range (0.1Tc–0.7Tc). The signal in 50 nm-wide nanowires is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than for the 200 nm-wide ones This huge enhancement can be attributed to the geometric confinement of a single vortex row at the center of the nanowire that prevents transversal vortex displacements[11,13,34]. The experimental data are supported by numerical simulations performed within the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) framework
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