Abstract
The line of insight research methods that have high temporal and surface resolution is not large—these are EEGs, EPs, and fMRI, as well as their combinations and various options for assessing temporal events of random understanding. The objective of this research was to study the classification of insight for visual illusory images consisting of several objects simultaneously according to the analysis of early, middle, late, and ultra-late components (up to 1000 ms) of event-related potentials (ERPs). ERP research on 42 healthy subjects (men) aged 20–28 years was performed. The stimuli were a line of visual images with an incomplete set of signs, as well as images-illusions, which, with different perceptions, represent different images. The results showed the similarity of the tests to correct recognition of fragments of unrecognition and double images. At the intermediate stage of perception (100–200 ms), in both cases, the activity of the central and frontal cortex decreased, mainly in the left hemisphere. At the later stages of information processing (300–500 ms), the temporal-parietal and occipital brain parts on the right were activated, with the difference that when double objects were perceived, this process expanded to 700–800 ms with the activation of the central and occipital fields of the right hemisphere. Outcomes allowed discussing two possible options for actualizing the mechanisms of long-term memory that ensure the formation of insight—the simultaneous perception of images as part of an illusion. The first of them is associated with the inhibition of the frontal cortex at the stage of synthesis of information flows, with the subsequent activation of the occipital brain parts. The second variant is traditional and manifests itself in the activation of the frontal brain areas, with the subsequent excitation of all brain fields by the mechanisms of exhaustive search.
Highlights
There is a line of definitions of insight, depending on the selected combination of characteristics or, rather, on the objectives of the study—psychological, clinical, physiological, marketing, etc. [1,2,3,4,5]
There is a mismatch in cognitive psychology and neuroscience, which we consider to be the main criterion for understanding, namely surprise
The findings suggested that learning by sudden comprehension may constitute one of the special cases where new information is directly encoded into semantic memory, similar to previous records of schema-dependent memory or prior knowledge
Summary
There is a line of definitions of insight, depending on the selected combination of characteristics or, rather, on the objectives of the study—psychological, clinical, physiological, marketing, etc. [1,2,3,4,5]. The definition is associated with a sudden solution to a problem, which is preceded by an impasse and restructuring of the problem, followed by a positive emotional reaction. In a series of studies on insight, the authors do not highlight decisions that have arisen suddenly [6,7,8]. Another widespread use of the term “insight” can be found in clinical psychology, where understanding refers to self-awareness, often personal symptoms, functional impairment, or other types of foresight. The clinical and unscientific use of the term does not require sudden awareness or any concomitant emotional response
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