Abstract
We analyze the longitudinal–transverse double-spin asymmetry in lepton–nucleon collisions where a single hadron is detected in the final state, i.e., ℓ→N↑→hX. This is a subleading-twist observable in collinear factorization, and we look at twist-3 effects in both the transversely polarized nucleon and the unpolarized outgoing hadron. Results are anticipated for this asymmetry from both HERMES and Jefferson Lab Hall A, and it could be measured as well at COMPASS and a future Electron–Ion Collider. We also perform a numerical study of the distribution term, which, when compared to upcoming experimental results, could allow one to learn about the “worm-gear”-type function g˜(x) as well as assess the role of quark–gluon–quark correlations in the initial-state nucleon and twist-3 effects in the fragmenting unpolarized hadron.
Highlights
Hadrons, the strongly interacting particles that comprise almost all of the visible matter in the universe, have been shown to possess a complex inner-structure that goes beyond a simple quark picture
In this paper we have analyzed the longitudinal–transverse double-spin asymmetry in single inclusive leptoproduction of hadrons within the framework of collinear twist-3 factorization. Both HERMES and Jefferson Lab (JLab) Hall A are expected to have results on this observable, and this effect can be measured at COMPASS and a future Electron–Ion Collider (EIC)
We provided an analytical result for the doublespin dependent cross section, including both the distribution and fragmentation terms, as well as a phenomenological study of the former using known non-perturbative inputs
Summary
The strongly interacting particles that comprise almost all of the visible matter in the universe, have been shown to possess a complex inner-structure that goes beyond a simple quark picture. Experimental results in the 1970s on transverse single-spin asymmetries (SSAs) [1] revealed the crucial role that quark–gluon–quark correlations could play in hadrons [2,3,4]. This is a consequence of the fact that such observables are twist effects. Transverse SSAs in single-inclusive leptoproduction processes have received some theoretical attention lately [44,48,49,50] due to recent experimental results from HERMES [11] and Jefferson Lab (JLab) Hall A [15] on these observables as well as the potential for COMPASS and a future Electron–Ion Collider (EIC) to make such measurements. Some details on the frameindependence of our result is left for Appendix A
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