Abstract
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
 The purpose of the present study was to investigate the development, tracking and longitudinal relationships of nutritional status, body composition and educational achievements in rural South African children in 459 boys and 354 girls who participate in the Ellisras Longitudinal Study. Nutritional status, body composition and educational achievements were measured in 2001 and 2002. The results showed that: 1) Height for age (HAZ) decreased significantly over the one- year period whereas Weight for Age (WAZ), Body mass index (BMI) and Sum of skinfolds (SOS) did not change, and the Mathematics and English achievements increased over the one-year period. 2) High tracking coefficients were found for HAZ, WAZ, BMI, while SOS showed low to moderate tracking and Mathematics and English showed no tracking. 3) Significant relationships between changes in nutritional status and changes in educational achievements were found for boys only.
 本文旨在探討南非鄉鎮地區小學生身體營養水平與學業的關係。以問卷方式進行調查，訪問了 813名學童，並評估他們的營 養狀況。結果顯示出男生的營養水平與學業呈現關係。
Highlights
Many children in the developing world live under marginal and inadequate nutritional conditions, primarily with deficiency in protein, energy intake and vitamin A and iron deficiency (Steyn & Walker, 2000)
In South Africa communities that were previously disadvantaged like Ellisras are the most affected (Monyeki, 2000)
Two sets of educational achievements measurements were added in May/June 2001 and 2002 to the standard set of Ellisras Longitudinal Study (ELS) measurements that include measures of nutritional status and body composition
Summary
Many children in the developing world live under marginal and inadequate nutritional conditions, primarily with deficiency in protein, energy intake and vitamin A and iron deficiency (Steyn & Walker, 2000). Studies have linked malnutrition to poor educational achievements (Hansford & Hattie, 1982; Pollitt, 1995). What is not clear yet is how this relationship is on a longer period To date, these studies about the relationships between malnutrition or body composition were cross-sectional in nature and relatively sensitive to bias
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