Longitudinal Mediating Effect of Depression on the Relationship between Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Activities of Daily Living in Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives Whether depression affects activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) via excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) remains unclear; moreover, few longitudinal studies have been conducted. Methods We recruited 421 patients from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative. We constructed a latent growth mediation model to explore the longitudinal mediating effect of depression on the relationship between EDS and ADLs. Results EDS (p < .001) and depression scores (p < .001) both increased, and ADL scores (p < .001) decreased. Moreover, EDS was positively correlated with depression, whereas an increase in EDS significantly reduced ADLs. The initial value (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.026, 0.154) and the rate of change (95% CI: 0.138, 0.514) of self-reported depression measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS) partially mediated the association between EDS and ADL score. Conclusions The indirect effect of the longitudinal changes of depression on the relationship between EDS and ADLs highlights the importance of depression changes in PD patients with EDS. Clinical Implications Depression should be considered a mediator by clinicians; preventing the worsening of depression is essential for improving ADLs in patients with PD, especially those with EDS.