Abstract
BackgroundThe corpus callosum (CC) is an important feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) not only in motor but also in non-motor functions. However, CC is not a homogeneous component, and the damage of specific subsection may contribute to corresponding clinical deficit.ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to investigate the structural alterations of different callosal subsections cross-sectionally and longitudinally in PD and evaluate their relationships to clinical performance.MethodsThirty-nine PD patients who had been longitudinally reexamined and 82 normal controls (NC) were employed. According to their specific callosal–cortical connectivity, 3D CC was divided into five subsections (including prefrontal, premotor, motor, somatosensory, and temporal–parietal–occipital subsection). The fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and volume of whole CC and its subsections were computed and compared between groups. Regression model was constructed to explore the relationships between callosal structure and clinical performance.ResultsAt baseline, PD did not show any significant macro/microstructural difference compared with NC. During disease course, there was a decreased FA and increased MD of whole CC as well as its subsections (except temporal–parietal–occipital subsection), and the volume of motor subsection was decreased. Moreover, the FA of temporal–parietal–occipital subsection and volume of motor subsection were correlated with the mood domain at baseline, and the MD of somatosensory subsection was associated with the motor domain at follow-up.ConclusionThe structure of CC and its connectivity-specific subsections remain preserved at a relatively early stage in PD and are progressively disrupted during disease course. Besides, different callosal subsections possess specific associations with clinical performance in PD.
Highlights
MATERIALS AND METHODSParkinson’s disease (PD) is widely known as a slowly progressive movement disorder, which is demonstrated with complex clinical symptoms including classic motor dysfunctions (Lees et al, 2009) and various non-motor disturbances (Jankovic, 2008)
No significant difference was observed in basic demographic information between PD at baseline (PD-BL) and normal controls (NC)
PD patients at baseline showed no difference in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (p = 0.325) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores (p = 0.926), while Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores (p < 0.001) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scores (p = 0.003) were increased compared with NC
Summary
MATERIALS AND METHODSParkinson’s disease (PD) is widely known as a slowly progressive movement disorder, which is demonstrated with complex clinical symptoms including classic motor dysfunctions (Lees et al, 2009) and various non-motor disturbances (Jankovic, 2008). Previous neuroimaging studies have identified the involvement of the corpus callosum (CC) to be an important feature of PD in motor and in non-motor functions (Chan et al, 2014; Goldman et al, 2017). Given that the different activation loci were consistently detected in discrete CC regions according to peripheral stimuli (Fabri et al, 2011) and the connections of distinct callosal subsections to cortices were differential (Caille et al, 2005), the damage in a specific callosal subsection may contribute to the corresponding clinical deficit in PD. The corpus callosum (CC) is an important feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in motor and in non-motor functions. CC is not a homogeneous component, and the damage of specific subsection may contribute to corresponding clinical deficit
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