Abstract
ABSTRACTBackgroundMaternal dietary restriction and supplementation of one-carbon (1C) metabolites can impact offspring growth and DNA methylation. However, longitudinal research of 1C metabolite and amino acid (AA) concentrations over the reproductive cycle of human pregnancy is limited.ObjectiveTo investigate longitudinal 1C metabolite and AA concentrations prior to and during pregnancy and the effects of a small-quantity lipid-based nutrition supplement (LNS) containing >20 micronutrients and prepregnancy BMI (ppBMI).MethodsThis study was an ancillary study of the Women First Trial (NCT01883193, clinicaltrials.gov) focused on a subset of Guatemalan women (n = 134), 49% of whom entered pregnancy with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Ninety-five women received LNS during pregnancy (+LNS group), while the remainder did not (−LNS group). A subset of women from the Pakistan study site (n = 179) were used as a replication cohort, 124 of whom received LNS. Maternal blood was longitudinally collected on dried blood spot (DBS) cards at preconception, and at 12 and 34 wk gestation. A targeted metabolomics assay was performed on DBS samples at each time point using LC-MS/MS. Longitudinal analyses were performed using linear mixed modeling to investigate the influence of time, LNS, and ppBMI.ResultsConcentrations of 23 of 27 metabolites, including betaine, choline, and serine, changed from preconception across gestation after application of a Bonferroni multiple testing correction (P < 0.00185). Sixteen of those metabolites showed similar changes in the replication cohort. Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine were decreased by LNS in the participants from Guatemala. Only tyrosine was statistically associated with ppBMI at both study sites.ConclusionsTime influenced most 1C metabolite and AA concentrations with a high degree of similarity between the 2 diverse study populations. These patterns were not significantly altered by LNS consumption or ppBMI. Future investigations will focus on 1C metabolite changes associated with infant outcomes, including DNA methylation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01883193.
Highlights
A growing number of low- and middle-income countries suffer from the triple malnutrition burden of undernutrition, obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies [1, 2]
Subject characteristics A total of 134 Guatemalan women were included in this ancillary study (Table 1), in which 29% of women did not consume lipid-based nutrition supplement (LNS) and 71% of women did
Women assigned to the −LNS group were advised to follow local medical care guidelines regarding supplementation with nutrients, including folate
Summary
A growing number of low- and middle-income countries suffer from the triple malnutrition burden of undernutrition (including stunting), obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies [1, 2]. Objective: To investigate longitudinal 1C metabolite and AA concentrations prior to and during pregnancy and the effects of a small-quantity lipid-based nutrition supplement (LNS) containing >20 micronutrients and prepregnancy BMI (ppBMI). Results: Concentrations of 23 of 27 metabolites, including betaine, choline, and serine, changed from preconception across gestation after application of a Bonferroni multiple testing correction (P < 0.00185) Sixteen of those metabolites showed similar changes in the replication cohort. Conclusions: Time influenced most 1C metabolite and AA concentrations with a high degree of similarity between the 2 diverse study populations These patterns were not significantly altered by LNS consumption or ppBMI. Future investigations will focus on 1C metabolite changes associated with infant outcomes, including DNA methylation This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01883193.
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