Abstract
BackgroundLung function is constantly changing over the life course. Although the relation of cross-sectional lung function measure and adverse outcomes has been reported, data on longitudinal change and subsequent cardiovascular (CV) events risks are scarce. Therefore, this study is to determine the association of longitudinal change in lung function and subsequent cardiovascular risks.MethodsThis study analyzed the data from four prospective cohorts. Subjects with at least two lung function tests were included. We calculated the rate of forced respiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) decline for each subject and categorized them into quartiles. The primary outcome was CV events, defined as a composite of coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic heart failure (CHF), stroke, and any CV death. Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied.ResultsThe final sample comprised 12,899 participants (mean age 48.58 years; 43.61% male). Following an average of 14.79 (10.69) years, 3950 CV events occurred. Compared with the highest FEV1 quartile (Q4), the multivariable HRs for the lowest (Q1), 2nd (Q2), and 3rd quartiles (Q3) were 1.33 (95%CI 1.19, 1.49), 1.30 (1.16, 1.46), and 1.07 (0.95, 1.21), respectively. Likewise, compared with the reference quartile (Q4), the group that experienced a faster decline in FVC had higher HRs for CV events (1.06 [95%CI 0.94–1.20] for Q3, 1.15 [1.02–1.30] for Q2, and 1.28 [1.14–1.44] for Q1). The association remained robust across a series of sensitivity analyses and nearly all subgroups but was more evident in subjects < 60 years.ConclusionsWe observed a monotonic increase in risks of CV events with a faster decline in FEV1 and FVC. These findings emphasize the value of periodic evaluation of lung function and open new opportunities for disease prevention.
Highlights
Lung function is constantly changing over the life course
Some researchers demonstrated that the importance of lung function as a disease indicator is driven by some other confounders [8, 13, 14]; the inverse relationship of respiratory function to disease outcome is ascribed to an underlying link between lung function and age [14]
This may limit the ability to quantify the actual relations of longitudinal change in lung function to cardiovascular risk in the general population
Summary
Lung function is constantly changing over the life course. the relation of cross-sectional lung function measure and adverse outcomes has been reported, data on longitudinal change and subsequent cardiovascular (CV) events risks are scarce. Among studies with a longitudinal evaluation of lung function, studies are limited by short-term exposure duration [20], inadequate covariate adjustment [21, 22], or only restricted to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) morbidity or mortality [23,24,25]. This may limit the ability to quantify the actual relations of longitudinal change in lung function to cardiovascular risk in the general population
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