Abstract
The gauge factor of strain gauges is calculated considering the longitudinal and transverse strain sensitivity of the resistivity. The general result is applied to free wire strain gauges, adhered foil strain gauges and thin film strain gauges. The relation between the gauge factor and the piezoresistive constant π l and π t is given and it is shown that the use of piezoresistive constant ϕ l and ϕ t referring to strain instead of stress simplifies the calculation substantially. A recently proposed approach based on the changes of the mobility and the number of free carriers due to stress or strain has been improved by including longitudinal and transverse strain effects. The relationship with the piezoresistive constants is shown. This approach offers a better understanding of the temperature coefficient of resistance in strain gauges on various substrates.
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