Longer‐term Effects of a Low Glycemic Index Diet on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

BackgroundNut consumption, including peanuts, has been associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). More recently, interest has grown in the potential value of including nuts in diets of individuals with diabetes.ObjectiveTo determine if tree nuts and peanuts improve glycemic control in non‐insulin dependent diabetes, as assessed by HbA1c and to assess whether these outcomes relate to improvements in CHD risk (serum lipids, blood pressure and oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers).MethodsApproximately 120 NIDDM subjects (BMI ≤32kg/m2) treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (HbA1c 6.5‐8.0%) were recruited to a 3 month parallel design study. Subjects were randomized to one of three treatments: 1) Test (Full Dose Nut Diet): Raw nuts were added as supplements to the subject's usual diet based on required energy intake (≥2,400kcal/d received 100g/d nuts, ≈600kcal; 1,600‐2,400kcal/d received 75g/d nuts, ≈450kcal; ≤1,600kcal/d received 50g/d, ≈300kcal); 2) Test (Half Dose Nut Diet): Subjects received half dose of nuts and half dose of control muffin according to calorie needs; and 3) Control: whole wheat muffins were matched with energy content of nut supplements. One‐week weighed diet histories were obtained and fasting blood samples collected at baseline and weeks 2, 4, 8, 10 and 12 for markers of glycemic control and CHD risk factors.ResultsFinal data to be presented.