Abstract
In this paper, we investigate soliton propagation in long fibers using lumped amplifiers with nonideal gain. If the gain is invariant, but less than the ideal value, the perturbation analytical results can be found under the condition that the difference between actual gain and ideal value is small by introducing the concept of equivalent loss coefficient. If the gain fluctuates around ideal value, the numerical results indicate that the soliton can still propagate stably over ultra- long distance when the standard deviation is less than 1% of the average gain.
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