Abstract
The idea that stimuli or insults during the early life (perinatal period and early childhood) can have lifetime consequences to program the fetus/infant to diseases in adulthood is not only interesting but also of major public health importance. If this concept is true, it suggests that efforts should be made in the perinatal period itself to prevent the development of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer in adult life. There could be many programming stimuli generated either endogenously or they may be environmental. Nutrition is one important environmental programming stimulus. Both animal and human studies showed that nutrition in perinatal period have lifetime consequences on metabolism, growth, neurodevelopment, and immune system. As a result, perinatal nutrition can have effects on adult diseases: insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, CHD, collagen vascular diseases, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and cognitive function.
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