Abstract
The paper goal is to show trends of seasonal and year to year variability of long-wave radiation balances of the active surface in SW Poland, taking into account the standard meteorological data from 1971–2000 for Jelenia Góra, Kłodzko, Legnica, Leszno, Opole, Wrocław and Mt. Śnieżka. The average monthly values of these balances were calculated using the selected two variants of the Brunt’s formula (standard and modified by Michałowska-Smak). In the researched 30-year courses prevail positive trends but with different statistical significance. The analysed trends of the average annual values have been compared with appropriate trends of air temperature, sunshine duration and cloudiness to understand the regional relations of the long-wave radiation balance to these parameters of the climatic variability. These analyses are essential part of wider research fields on long-term variability and trends of net radiation fluxes and their components on different active surfaces in Lower Silesia.
Highlights
The Earth’s net long-wave radiation is not related to an effective temperature but is related to a actual temperature of this planet’s surface
The law states that the total energy radiated per unit surface area of a black body across all wavelengths per unit time F Bol is directly proportional to the fourth power of the black body’s effective temperature T eff: F Bol = σ∙T eff 4 [1]
The comparison of monthly, seasonal and annual L* values obtained for Wrocław with L* measured values in 2007–2017 (Fig. 4) shows their a better mutual matching for the values calculated with the "Brunt equation" formula than those calculated with the "Brunt equation" formula
Summary
The Earth’s net long-wave radiation is not related to an effective temperature but is related to a actual temperature of this planet’s surface. The Earth’s effective temperature is the temperature of a black body that would emit the same total amount of electromagnetic radiation. The such calculated planet’s temperature differs from an actual temperature of this planet’s surface, because assumes that the body is a black body on the base of an emitted heat radiation, according to the Stefan-Boltzmann law. When the planet’s net emissivity in the relevant wavelength band is less than unity, that is less than that of a black body, the actual temperature of the body, as it is in the Earth’s case, will be higher than the effective temperature. The net emissivity may be low due to surface or atmospheric properties, including greenhouse effect [2, 3]
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