Abstract
Meteotsunamis are long waves generated by displacement of a water body due to atmospheric pressure disturbances that have similar spatial and temporal characteristics to landslide tsunamis. NAMI DANCE that solves the nonlinear shallow water equations is a widely used numerical model to simulate tsunami waves generated by seismic origin. Several validation studies showed that it is highly capable of representing the generation, propagation and nearshore amplification processes of tsunami waves, including inundation at complex topography and basin resonance. The new module of NAMI DANCE that uses the atmospheric pressure and wind forcing as the other inputs to simulate meteotsunami events is developed. In this paper, the analytical solution for the generation of ocean waves due to the propagating atmospheric pressure disturbance is obtained. The new version of the code called NAMI DANCE SUITE is validated by comparing its results with those from analytical solutions on the flat bathymetry. It is also shown that the governing equations for long wave generation by atmospheric pressure disturbances in narrow bays and channels can be written similar to the 1D case studied for tsunami generation and how it is integrated into the numerical model. The analytical solution of the linear shallow water model is defined, and results are compared with numerical solutions. A rectangular shaped flat bathymetry is used as the test domain to model the generation and propagation of ocean waves and the development of Proudman resonance due to moving atmospheric pressure disturbances. The simulation results with different ratios of pressure speed to ocean wave speed (Froude numbers) considering sub-critical, critical and super-critical conditions are presented. Fairly well agreements between analytical solutions and numerical solutions are obtained. Additionally, basins with triangular (lateral) and stepwise shelf (longitudinal) cross sections on different slopes are tested. The amplitudes of generated waves at different time steps in each simulation are presented with discussions considering the channel characteristics. These simulations present the capability of NAMI DANCE SUITE to model the effects of bathymetric conditions such as shelf slope and local bathymetry on wave amplification due to moving atmospheric pressure disturbances.
Highlights
Tsunamis are the destructive long waves generated by various sources under the sea surface or above the sea surface
This paper presents the new module of NAMI DANCE tsunami numerical code that solves the nonlinear shallow water equations with the air pressure forcing term to simulate meteotsunamis
The cases simulated in this paper provides validation of NAMI DANCE by comparing the numerical results with analytical solutions and show that it is capable of modeling the generation, propagation, and coastal amplification of ocean waves and Proudman resonance due to moving atmospheric disturbances
Summary
Tsunamis are the destructive long waves generated by various sources under the sea surface (e.g., earthquakes, submarine landslides and/or volcanic eruptions) or above the sea surface (e.g., meteorological events, asteroid impacts). Chen and Niu (2018) focused on the occurrence of Proudman resonance when the speed of moving pressure disturbance is close to the local shallow water wave velocity (celerity) as the disturbance moves to the shore over a slope They performed a numerical investigation on the generation and propagation of forced waves induced by a circular shape atmospheric pressure drop. Denamiel et al (2019) conclude that spatial discretization and lack of precise bathymetric data limits the accuracy of the present state-of-the-art ocean numerical models to represent the ocean and complex geomorphology of the coast responsible for the meteotsunami wave generation and amplification (Proudman and topographic resonances) Their discussion focuses on the operation of a regional meteotsunami system developed for the Adriatic region and aims to work in real-time for early warning and forecasting purposes. The cases simulated in this paper provides validation of NAMI DANCE by comparing the numerical results with analytical solutions and show that it is capable of modeling the generation, propagation, and coastal amplification of ocean waves and Proudman resonance due to moving atmospheric disturbances
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