Abstract
For flowing quantum gases, it has been found that at long times an initial black-hole laser (BHL) configuration exhibits only two possible states: the ground state or a periodic self-oscillating state of continuous emission of solitons. So far, all the works on this subject are based on a highly idealized model, quite difficult to implement experimentally. Here we study the instability spectrum and the time evolution of a recently proposed realistic model of a BHL, thus providing a useful theoretical tool for the clear identification of black-hole lasing in future experiments. We further confirm the existence of a well-defined phase diagram at long times, which bespeaks universality in the long-time behavior of a BHL. Additionally, we develop a complementary model in which the same potential profile is applied to a subsonic homogeneous flowing condensate that, despite not forming a BHL, evolves toward the same phase diagram as the associated BHL model. This result reveals an even stronger form of robustness in the long-time behavior with respect to the transient, which goes beyond what has been described in the previous literature.
Highlights
The spontaneous emission of radiation by the event horizon of a black hole (BH) [1], known as Hawking radiation, is one of the most celebrated predictions of modern theoretical physics, combining thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and general relativity
Another interesting analog feature that can be observed in a Bose–Einstein condensate due to its superluminal dispersion relation is the so-called black-hole laser (BHL) effect [26], in which a configuration displaying a pair of horizons can give rise to the self-amplification of Hawking radiation due to successive reflections between them, like in a laser cavity, translated into the appearance of dynamical instabilities in the spectrum of excitations [27,28,29,30,31,32,33]
We have studied the time evolution of a realistic model of a BHL
Summary
Keywords: black holes, quantum gases, analog gravity, atomtronics, solitons, lasers Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
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