Long-Time-Series Global Land Surface Satellite Leaf Area Index Product Derived From MODIS and AVHRR Surface Reflectance

Abstract

Leaf area index (LAI) is an important vegetation biophysical variable and has been widely used for crop growth monitoring and yield estimation, land-surface process simulation, and global change studies. Several LAI products currently exist, but most have limited temporal coverage. A long-term high-quality global LAI product is required for greatly expanded application of LAI data. In this paper, a method previously proposed was improved to generate a long time series of Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) LAI product from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) reflectance data. The GLASS LAI product has a temporal resolution of eight days and spans from 1981 to 2014. During 1981–1999, the LAI product was generated from AVHRR reflectance data and was provided in a geographic latitude/longitude projection at a spatial resolution of 0.05°. During 2000–2014, the LAI product was derived from MODIS surface-reflectance data and was provided in a sinusoidal projection at a spatial resolution of 1 km. The GLASS LAI values derived from MODIS and AVHRR reflectance data form a consistent data set at a spatial resolution of 0.05°. Comparison of the GLASS LAI product with the MODIS LAI product (MOD15) and the first version of the Geoland2 (GEOV1) LAI product indicates that the global consistency of these LAI products is generally good. However, relatively large discrepancies among these LAI products were observed in tropical forest regions, where the GEOV1 LAI values were clearly lower than the GLASS and MOD15 LAI values, particularly in January. A quantitative comparison of temporal profiles shows that the temporal smoothness of the GLASS LAI product is superior to that of the GEOV1 and MODIS LAI products. Direct validation with the mean values of high-resolution LAI maps demonstrates that the GLASS LAI values were closer to the mean values of the high-resolution LAI maps ( $\text{RMSE}=0.7848$ and $R^{2}=0.8095$ ) than the GEOV1 LAI values ( $\text{RMSE}=0.9084$ and $R^{2}=0.7939$ ) and the MOD15 LAI values ( $\text{RMSE}=1.1173$ and $R^{2}=0.6705$ ).