Abstract
Industrialization and urbanization are the most dominant causal factors for long-term changes in surface air temperatures. To examine this fact, the long term changes in the surface-air temperatures have been evaluated by the linear trend for the different periods, i.e. 1901-2013, 1901-1970 and recent period 1971-2013 as rapid industrialization was observed during the recent four decades. In the present study, seasonal and annual mean, maximum and minimum temperature data of 36 stations for the period 1901-2013 have been used. These stations are classified into 4 groups, namely major, medium, small cities and hill stations. During the period 1901-1970, less than 50% stations from each group showed a significant increasing trend in annual mean temperature, whereas in the recent period 1971-2013, more than 80% stations from all the groups except small city group showed a significant increasing trend. The minimum temperature increased faster than that of the maximum temperature over major and medium cities, while maximum temperature increased faster than the minimum temperature over the small cities and hill stations. The annual mean temperature of all the coastal stations showed a significant increasing trend and positive correlation with Precipitable Water Vapour (PWV). The effect of PWV is more pronounced on minimum temperature than that of the maximum.
Highlights
Atmospheric temperature is one of the most important characteristics of the climate system and widely used as aHow to cite this paper: Kothawale, D.R., Deshpande, N.R. and Kolli, R.K. (2016) Long Term Temperature Trends at Major, Medium, Small Cities and Hill Stations in India during the Period 1901-2013
Kothawale et al [7] studied the all-India and global temperature variability using the data for the period 1901-2007 and reported that all-India mean temperature have significantly increased by 0.51 ̊C while global annual mean temperature increased by 0.76 ̊C per 100 years, They reported that the magnitude of the warming trend of winter and post-monsoon seasons were almost the same for the Globe and India, while pre-monsoon and monsoon temperature trends for India were half that of the global trend
Trends in seasonal and annual mean, maximum and minimum temperatures at major, medium, small cities and hill stations have been examined for the three different periods entire period (1901-2013), past period (19011970) and recent period (1871-2013)
Summary
How to cite this paper: Kothawale, D.R., Deshpande, N.R. and Kolli, R.K. (2016) Long Term Temperature Trends at Major, Medium, Small Cities and Hill Stations in India during the Period 1901-2013. Aerosols are responsible for lowering of land surface temperature, i.e. cooling effect which restricts the warming effect of greenhouse gases Keeping this view, Kothawale et al [9] have studied the aerosol effect on regional temperatures and reported that during the period 1950-1990 dry season (November to May) maximum temperature showed decreasing trend over North India (Aerosol optical depth is high over this region), while notable positive trend was observed during the period 1991-2007. Accelerated warming over India was observed after 1990 With this view, the present study analyses trends in temperature of major, medium, small cities, and hill stations for the different periods, i.e. 1901-2013, 1901-1970 and 1971-2013 to see the effect of industrialization/urbanization
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