Long-term survival following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery in locally advanced cervical cancer.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse the long-term survival and the relationships between prognostic factors at presentation, chemoresponsiveness and disease outcome in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery (RS). Two consecutive studies of neoadjuvant chemotherapy containing cisplatin, bleomycin plus/minus methotrexate followed by radical hysterectomy and systematic aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy were carried out between January 1986 and September 1990 on 130 patients with > or = 4 cm stage IB2-III cervical cancer. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan and Meier test and Cox's multivariate regression analysis. 128 (98%) of the patients enrolled were evaluable for clinical response and survival, 83% (106) of the patients responded to chemotherapy, with a 15% complete response rate. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, cervical tumour size, parametrial involvement and histotype are highly predictive of response. Responding patients underwent laparotomy, but 8% were not amenable for radical surgery. The 10-year survival estimates were 91%, 80% and 34.5% for stage IB2-IIA bulky, IIB and III, respectively (P < 0.001). After Cox's regression analysis, the parameters significantly associated with survival were the same factors predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. No stage IB2-IIA bulky patient has so far relapsed, while 12% stage IIB and 56% stage III patients recurred. The 10-year disease-free survival estimates are 91% and 44% for stage IB2-IIB and III, respectively (P < 0.001). Metastatic nodes and persistent tumour in the parametria were the only two independent factors for disease-free survival after multiple regression analysis. After a long-term follow-up (median follow-up 98 months (20-129+)), our results give new evidence of the prognostic value of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and of a possible therapeutic benefit of the sequential treatment adopted which, however, must be verified in a randomised setting.