Long-term storage of subduction-related volatiles in Northern Victoria Land lithospheric mantle: Insight from olivine-hosted melt inclusions from McMurdo basic lavas (Antarctica)

Abstract

H2O, CO2, F, Cl and S concentrations in olivine-hosted melt inclusions (MI) from Cenozoic alkaline volcanics of Northern Victoria Land (NVL, Antarctica) were determined by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). The most undegassed H2O and CO2 values varies from 1.14 to 2.64 wt% H2O and from 2320 to 3900 ppm CO2 for the least differentiated alkaline basalts and basanites, respectively. The same MI have F and Cl contents varying from 471 to 888 and from 474 to 1135 respectively, although some other MI can get up to 1377 of F and 1336 of Cl. A H2O/(H2O + CO2) molar ratios from 0.88 to 0.92 were determined, and taking into account the MI with the highest water content, a CO2 content in the melts up to 4400 and 8800 ppm for basaltic and basanitic compositions were inferred. Assuming that these magmas were produced by about 3 to 7% of partial melting, the volatile content in the mantle sources were estimated and compared with the estimates obtained from amphibole-bearing mantle xenoliths abundantly entrained in the McMurdo basic lavas. The two approaches converge in obtaining the following values: H2O = 1160 ± 436 ppm; CO2 = 304 ± 64 ppm. Some discrepancies are observed for F and Cl, mainly due to the uncertainties in the F and Cl contents of amphibole and its modal content, both parameters spanning a rather large range.The resulting CO2/Nb and CO2/Ba ratios are lower and H2O/Ce higher than those estimated for Depleted MORB Mantle (DMM), suggesting that the NVL Cenozoic alkaline magmatism could be originated by an enriched mantle source composed by 60 to 70% Enriched Mantle (EM) and from 40 to 30% DMM.A global comparison of fluid-related, highly incompatible and immobile/low incompatible elements such as Li, K, Cl, Ba, Nb, Dy and Yb allow to put forward that the prolonged (~500 to 100 Ma) Ross subduction event played a fundamental role in providing the volatile budget to the lithospheric mantle before the onset of the Cenozoic continental rifting.