Abstract
Long-term soft denture lining (LTSDL) materials are used to alleviate the trauma associated with wearing complete dentures. Despite their established clinical efficacy, the use of LTSDLs has been limited due to the unfavorable effects of the oral environment on some of their mechanical and performance characteristics. The unresolved issue of LTSDL colonization by Candida albicans is particularly problematic. Silicone-based LTSDL (SLTSDL) materials, which are characterized by more stable hardness, sorption and solubility than acrylic-based LTSDLs (ALTSDLs), are currently the most commonly used LTSDLs. However, SLTSDLs are more prone to debonding from the denture base. Moreover, due to their limitations, the available methods for determining bond strength do not fully reflect the actual stability of these materials under clinical conditions. SLTSDL materials exhibit favorable viscoelastic properties compared with ALTSDLs. Furthermore, all of the lining materials exhibit an aging solution-specific tendency toward discoloration, and the available cleansers are not fully effective and can alter the mechanical properties of LTSDLs. Future studies are needed to improve the microbiological resistance of LTSDLs, as well as some of their performance characteristics.
Highlights
Long-term soft denture lining (LTSDL) materials constitute a group of polymer materials that can remain in the oral cavity for at least four weeks; in practice, their use can extend to several months or even years
Brożek et al [13,17] divided the compounds released from soft liners stored in denture cleansers and artificial saliva into three categories: (1) monomers, such as methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and dodecyl methacrylate; (2) additives, such as diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and tributyl acetylcitrate (TBC); and (3) compounds formed in the reactions of the ingredients used in soft liners, such as benzene, toluene, benzophenone, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-(1-oxopropyl) phenol, diphenyl ether, and isovaleric anhydride
Stability of hardness during use is a desirable feature of LTSDL materials because any increase in hardness can worsen the distribution of the masticatory load and lower the absorption of elastic energy, which is transmitted onto the mucosal membrane under dentures, thereby exacerbating the clinical problems experienced by patients [24,54]
Summary
Long-term soft denture lining (LTSDL) materials constitute a group of polymer materials that can remain in the oral cavity for at least four weeks; in practice, their use can extend to several months or even years. LTSDLs can help to evenly distribute the biting loads transferred onto the soft tissues during chewing and to relieve the mucosa from high mechanical stress [5]. Available dental materials include silicone-based long-term soft denture linings (SLTSDLs), acrylic-based long-term soft denture linings (ALTSDLs) and, sporadically, materials based on other polymers. Polymethacrylate materials are used less frequently and are available as two-component powder-liquid systems. SLTSDLs are available as one-component materials that cross-link at high temperatures and as two-paste A-type silicone systems that cross-link at room temperature [6]. We review the basic mechanical and functional properties of LTSDLs as determined from their chemical compositions, with particular emphasis on implementing laboratory findings in clinical practice and possible future improvements of their characteristics
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