Abstract

Lung function, symptom benefits, and safety of combined tiotropium (T) and olodaterol (O) in the treatment of COPD were established in TONADO studies (NCT01431274; NCT01431287). As T is predominantly excreted by the kidneys, we investigated the long-term safety profile of T/O in patients with renal impairment (RI) in the TONADO studies.

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