Abstract
We previously reported that CaCl2 hydrothermal-treated (Ca-HT) titanium (Ti) implants induced a tight sealing at the interface between the implant and peri-implant epithelium (PIE) after implantation. However, it is not clear how long this improved epithelium sealing can be maintained. We subsequently investigated whether the positive effect of Ca-HT to promote sealing between the PIE and implant was sustained longer term. Maxillary molars were extracted from rats and replaced with either Ca-HT implants (Ca-HT group), distilled water-HT implants (DW-HT group) or non-treated implants (control group). After 16 weeks, the majority of implants in the Ca-HT group remained at the maxillary with no apical extension of the PIE. Conversely, half the number of control implants was lost following down-growth of the PIE. The effect of Ca-HT on migration and proliferation of rat oral epithelial cells (OECs) was also investigated. In OECs cultured on Ca-HT Ti plates, protein expression in relation to cell migration decreased, and proliferation was higher than other groups. Surface analysis indicated HT enhanced the formation of surface TiO2 layer without altering surface topography. Consequently, Ca-HT of Ti reduced PIE down-growth via tight epithelial attachment to the surface, which may enhance implant capability for a longer time post-implantation.
Highlights
Dental implants are reported to have high success rate but peri-implantitis is one of the most important reason for the failure of implants
oral epithelial cells (OECs) were exposed to 5-bromo-2 -deoxyuridine (BrdU) in culture medium fo2r.112.hPraonlidfertahtieonn fiAxsesady in 4% formaldehyde for 10 min
We suggest three reasons for this reduction: (1) in this model, it is hard to control the unexpected stimulation on the rat implant; (2) the implant body penetrates into the maxillary sinus and is not covered by cortical bone, because the experimental implant is too large for the rat oral cavity; and (3) the implant with machined surface has integrated weaker with bone than commonly-used texture-surfaced implant
Summary
Dental implants are reported to have high success rate but peri-implantitis is one of the most important reason for the failure of implants. To prevent peri-implantitis, various materials, topographies and chemical modification have been investigated. Utilizing materials that improve the peri-implant soft tissue sealing could reduce the risk of infection, which may improve implant longevity. To enhance soft tissue attachment to the transmucosal part of the implant, grooving on the surface has function successfully for more than 5 years [3]. To enhance soft tissue attachment to the. Med. 2019, 8, 1560 transmucosal part of the implant, grooving on the surface has been reported to promote soft tissue attachment, with groove size being critical to success [4], the use of a textured surface bineecnreraespeosrtthede rtioskproofmpolatequsoefat cticsusmueualatttaiochnm[5e]n. All implants were rinsed with DW and stored under a vacuum to prevent surface contamination. Peri-implant epithelial tissue structure was observed after 16 weeks of implantation. For horseradish peroxidase (HRP) penetration study, thirty minutes before sacrifice, HRP was topically applied
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