Long‐term results of balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for gastric fundal varices: Hepatic deterioration links to portosystemic shunt syndrome

Abstract

It is well known that a large portosystemic shunt develops during portal hypertension. In this study, we studied the long-term effects of a large splenorenal shunt (SRS) on liver function and survival. The subjects were divided into three groups: an SRS (-) group consisting of cirrhotic patients without SRS; an SRS (+) group consisting of patients with gastric fundal varices and SRS; and a balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) group with a completely obliterated SRS by B-RTO. We compared the following among these groups: the total bilirubin levels, serum albumin levels, prothrombin times, changes in Child-Pugh scores, and survival rates. After a 3-year follow-up period the Child-Pugh scores showed significant differences among the SRS (+), SRS (-), and B-RTO groups. The score worsened for the SRS (+) group. The cumulative survival rates were significantly different between the SRS (+) and SRS (-) groups and between the SRS (+) and B-RTO groups. The vital prognosis worsened for the SRS (+) group. The presence of a large splenorenal shunt (portosystemic shunt) was indicated to lower liver function and vital prognosis. B-RTO, which completely obliterates large splenorenal shunts, inhibited the lowering of hepatic functional reserve and the worsening of vital prognosis, indicating a protective role. Liver pathology and the presence of a large portosystemic shunt each separately result in progressive liver dysfunction and worsen the survival rate. We found that such a pathological condition had occurred due to a large portosystemic shunt, and it should be called 'portosystemic shunt syndrome.'