Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in the mammalian central nervous system has been the subject of intense investigation for the past four decades. Long-term potentiation (LTP), a major reflection of synaptic plasticity, is an activity-driven long-lasting increase in the efficacy of excitatory synaptic transmission following the delivery of a brief, high-frequency train of electrical stimulation. LTP is regarded as a principal candidate for the cellular mechanisms involved in learning and offers an attractive hypothesis of how memories are constructed. There are a number of exceptional full-length reviews published on LTP; the current review intends to present an overview of the research findings regarding hippocampal LTP with special emphasis on aging, diseases, and psychological insults.
Highlights
Over the past 30 years, extensive research has provided an enormous amount of data on the characteristics underlying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity
Several forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity have been observed in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS); long-term potentiation (LTP); and long-term depression (LTD) represent two major forms of neuronal plasticity
This current article intends to present a brief summary of the research findings on LTP in the hippocampus, including induction, characteristics, cellular mechanisms, and modulation with special emphasis on aging, pathological conditions, and stress
Summary
Over the past 30 years, extensive research has provided an enormous amount of data on the characteristics underlying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. Many outstanding full-length review articles have been published on LTP (Bliss and Collingridge, 1993; Bear and Malenka, 1994; Malenka, 1994, 2003; Collingridge and Bliss, 1995; Malenka and Nicoll, 1999; Sanes and Lichtman, 1999; Malenka and Bear, 2004; Cooke and Bliss, 2006; Joels and Krugers, 2007; Sigurdsson et al, 2007; Abraham and Williams, 2008; Blundon and Zakharenko, 2008; Kerchner and Nicoll, 2008; Sacktor, 2008; Feldman, 2009; Minichiello, 2009; O’Dell et al, 2010; Vogt and Canepari, 2010; Baudry et al, 2011) This current article intends to present a brief summary of the research findings on LTP in the hippocampus, including induction, characteristics, cellular mechanisms, and modulation with special emphasis on aging, pathological conditions, and stress. Another example of NMDAindependent LTP is that which is induced by high-frequency stimulation at the mossy fiber pathway in the hippocampus
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